What is Peer-to Peer Lending?
Understanding P2P Lending
Peer-to peer (P2P) Lending
Special Considerations
Peer-to-Peer Lending Q&As
Personal Loans, Credit
What is Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending? What is its definition and how it works
By Julia Kagan
Updated December 20, 2022
Review by Thomas J. Catalano
Facts checked by Amanda Bellucco-Chatham.
What is Peer-toPeer (P2P) lending?
Peer-to peer (P2P) lending permits individuals to obtain loans directly from other individuals and eliminates the financial institution as a middleman. Websites that allow P2P lending have significantly increased their adoption as a method of financing.
P2P lending can also be referred to by the name of “social lending” or “crowd lending.” It’s only been around since 2005 However, the group of competitors already includes Prosper, Lending Club, Upstart and StreetShares.
Key Takeaways
Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is a kind of technology for financial transactions that lets people loan or borrow money from one another, without having to go through banks.
P2P lending sites allow borrowers to connect directly with investors. The site determines the rates and terms and enables the transactions.
P2P lenders are investors who are looking to earn a better return on their cash savings than they would get from a bank savings account or certificate of deposit.
P2P borrowers are looking for alternatives to traditional banks or a lower interest rate.
The default rates for P2P loans are much higher than those in traditional finance.
Understanding Peer-to-Peer Lending
P2P lending websites connect borrowers directly with lenders. Each website sets the rates and conditions and allows the transaction. The majority of websites offer a broad variety of interest rates depending on the creditworthiness the person applying.
The investor first opens an account with the site and deposits a sum of money to be dispersed in loans. The loan applicant creates an financial profile which is assigned a risk classification which determines the rate of interest the applicant will pay. The loan applicant can review the offers and choose to accept one. (Some applicants cut their requests into smaller chunks and accept multiple offers.) The money transfer as well as the monthly payments are handled through the platform. The process can be completely automated, or lenders and customers can decide to haggle.
Certain sites are specialized in certain kinds of borrowers. StreetShares, for instance, is specifically designed for small businesses.1 Additionally, Lending Club has a “Patient Solutions” category that links physicians who provide financing options with potential patients.2
History of Peer to Peer (P2P) Lending
At first P2P lending was a popular option. P2P credit system was seen as a way to provide credit access to those who would be spurned by traditional banks or a way for consolidating student loan debt at a more favorable interest rate.
In recent times, however, P2P lending sites have expanded their reach. They are now targeting consumers who wish to settle credit card debt with an interest rate that is lower. Improvement loans and auto financing is also available through P2P lending sites.
Rates for those with good credit are often lower than comparable bank rates, while rates for applicants with sketchy credit records may go much higher. LendingTree.com For instance, offered personal loan rates ranging from 5.99% to 35.99 percent as of December. 15 2022.3 Peerform posted loan rates in a range of 5.99% up to 29.99%.4 The average credit card interest rate was 19.59 percent as of December. 14, 2022, according to CreditCards.com.5
To lenders, P2P loaning is an effective way to generate interest income on their cash at a rate higher than those offered by conventional savings accounts or certificates of deposit (CDs).
Some P2P sites permit lenders to begin with a with a balance as low as $25.
Special Takes into Account
People who wish to lend money via P2P lending sites must be aware of the possibility that their customers will fail on their loans like conventional banks do. The research of P2P lending platforms has revealed that defaults are far more frequent than those faced by banks that are traditional, often exceeding 10%.6
By comparison, the S&P/Experian composite index of default rates for all kinds of loans made to U.S. borrowers has fallen from about 1.55% to 0.59% over the ten years prior to November of 2022.7
Anyone who is considering a P2P lending site should be aware of the charges on transactions. Each site earns money in a different way However, commissions and fees may be paid at the expense of the borrower, the lender borrower or both. Like banks, the sites can charge loan origination fees, late fees and bounced-payment fees.
Is peer-to-peer lending (P2P) safe?
Peer-to-peer lending is riskier than the savings account or certificates of deposit however the rates of interest are typically significantly higher. This is because people investing in peer-to -peer lending site assume most of the risk. This is typically taken on by banks and any other institutions of finance.
How big is the market for peer-to-peer (P2P) lending?
The market for peer-to-peer lending was worth $83.79 billion in 2021 according to figures from Precedence Research. The market is expected to rise to $705.81 billion in 2030.8
What are the best ways to invest in lending through peer-to-peer?
The simplest method to invest in peer-to-peer lending is to open an account with a P2P lending site and then begin lending money to the borrowers. These websites typically let the lender choose the profile of their borrowers, so they can choose between high risk/high returns or lower returns. Alternatively, many P2P lending sites are public businesses, which means that one can also invest in them by purchasing their shares.
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